« Remorque pour fauteuil roulant électrique » : différence entre les versions

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{{Tuto Step
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|Step_Title=<translate>Châssis</translate>
|Step_Title=<translate>Châssis</translate>
|Step_Content=<translate>Le châssis constitue la base de la remorque et joue un rôle crucial dans la stabilité et la solidité de l’ensemble. Pour notre projet, nous avons choisi un châssis en acier, lourd mais robuste, associé à une coque en bois. Il est constitué d'une base rectangle, montée de cornières pour caller la boite.</translate>
|Step_Content=<translate>+photo plan
 
 
Le châssis constitue la base de la remorque et joue un rôle crucial dans la stabilité et la solidité de l’ensemble. Pour notre projet, nous avons choisi un châssis en acier, lourd mais robuste, associé à une coque en bois. Il est constitué d'une base rectangle, montée de cornières pour caller la boite.</translate>
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Version du 26 janvier 2025 à 13:18

Prototype de avatarAmélie | Catégories : Matériaux

avatarAmélie

https://lowtechlab.dokit.app/wiki/Remorque_pour_fauteuil_roulant_%C3%A9lectrique
Dernière modification le 26/01/2025


Difficulté
Difficile
Durée
5 mois
Coût
6 EUR (€)

Description

Ce tutoriel décrit la fabrication d’une remorque low-tech conçue pour être rattachée à un fauteuil roulant éléctrique. Pensée pour être fonctionnelle, légère et accessible, cette remorque permet de transporter facilement des objets. lien tchit: https://wiki.lowtechlab.org/w/index.php?title=Remorque_officielle&action=formedit

Ce tutoriel décrit la fabrication d’une remorque low-tech conçue pour être rattachée à un fauteuil roulant éléctrique. Pensée pour être fonctionnelle, légère et accessible, cette remorque permet de transporter facilement des objets. lien tchit: https://wiki.lowtechlab.org/w/index.php?title=Remorque_officielle&action=formedit

Difficulté
Difficile
Durée
5 mois
Coût
6 EUR (€)

Sommaire

Licence : Attribution (CC BY)

Introduction

Ce tutoriel a été réalisé dans le cadre d’un projet étudiant au cours du semestre PISTE (Pour une Ingénierie Sobre Techno et Eco-responsable) porté par l’Ense3 à Grenoble. Le projet se nomme “Handi’capable” et avait pour objectif de construire une remorque low-tech pour une artiste pouvant s’accrocher à son fauteuil roulant électrique lors de ses spectacles.

Matériaux

Pour le châssis :

  • Tubes carrés en acier de 20 mm de largeur et 1,5 mm d'épaisseur :
    • 2 de 610 mm de longueur (côtés A)
    • 3 de 370 mm de longueur (côtés B + tube traversant)
    • 1 de XX mm de longueur (attache)
    • 2 de XX mm de longueur (support pieds)
  • 2 tubes carrés en acier de XX mm de longueur, XX mm de largeur et XX mm d'épaisseur (pieds)
  • 4 cornières en acier de XX mm de longueur et 20 mm de largeur et 3 mm d'épaisseur
  • Fers plats en acier de 20 mm de largeur et 4 mm d'épaisseur :
    • 8 de 200 mm de longueur (contreventements)
    • 4 de 100 mm de longueur (coins)
  • 2 équerres : dimensions !!
  • 2 roues de 37 cm de diamètre (??)
  • Vis, écrous, boulons


Pour l'attache (entre le châssis et le fauteuil roulant électrique) :

  • Tubes carrés de 20 mm de largeur et 1,5 mm d'épaisseur :
    • 1 de XX mm de longueur
    • 1 de XX mm de longueur
    • 1 de XX mm de longueur
  • 1 rotule d'assistance directionnelle de voiture (possibilité de récupérer en garage
  • 1 manivelle de vélo (pièce qui relie la pédale et le pédalier)
  • Écrous, boulons


Accessoires pour le châssis :

  • Goupilles
  • Ficelles
  • Fers plats

Outils

Nous avons réalisé ce projet dans le fablab de notre école : nous avions donc de nombreux outils à notre disposition. Cependant, certaines étapes peuvent être réalisées avec d'autres outils, cette liste n'est qu'indicative.


  • Perceuse/visseuse
  • Scie circulaire fixe à métal inclinable (ou scie à ruban)
  • Meuleuse/disqueuse
  • Ponceuse à bande fixe
  • Scie circulaire portative
  • Poste à souder à la baguette
  • Perceuse à colonne
  • Scie à chantourner
  • Scie à ruban
  • Poste à soudure (étain)
  • Serres joints
  • Équipements de Protection Individuelle (EPI) : blouse, gants, casque, lunettes, masque, tablier en cuir et masque de soudure (pour certaines étapes)

Étape 1 - Réfléchir au projet

Avant de se lancer dans la construction de la remorque low-tech, il est important de réfléchir aux usages prévus, aux contraintes techniques et aux matériaux disponibles. Dans ce projet, la remorque doit être légère, stable et facilement attachable à un fauteuil roulant électrique, tout en étant robuste pour transporter le matériel nécessaire aux spectacles.

Étape 2 - Châssis

+photo plan


Le châssis constitue la base de la remorque et joue un rôle crucial dans la stabilité et la solidité de l’ensemble. Pour notre projet, nous avons choisi un châssis en acier, lourd mais robuste, associé à une coque en bois. Il est constitué d'une base rectangle, montée de cornières pour caller la boite.




Étape 3 - Châssis - base

A l'aide de la scie circulaire fixe à métal, découper les tubes carrés (côtés A et B).


Au 4 coins des tubes, coupez légèrement le coin en prévention des cornières (voir photo dans l'étape suivante).


Une fois les tubes découpés, il est nécessaire de blanchir les zones à souder pour garantir une soudure de qualité. Pour cela, utilisez une meuleuse avec un disque abrasif ou une ponceuse bande abrasive (ou un papier de verre à la main pour les zones difficiles d’accès) pour décaper les zones où les soudures seront réalisées. Blanchissez environ 1 cm autour des bords à chaque joint de soudure pour garantir une surface propre.


Disposez les tubes pour former un rectangle. Serrez le tout avec des serres joints. Vérifiez que les angles sont parfaitement droits à l’aide d’une équerre. Réalisez un pointage.


Le pointage permet d’être précis et d’éviter les déformations des pièces dues à une montée en température trop rapide ou trop localisée. Une fois les points réalisés, vérifiez à nouveau l’alignement et la planéité du cadre à l’aide d’équerre et/ou du niveau à bulle.
Procédez à la soudure définitive des quatre coins une fois que tout est correctement positionné et pointé.
Soudez en plusieurs passes courtes pour éviter les déformations dues à un excès de chaleur.

Il est impératif de bien porter les EPI (masque à soudure, gants isolants et tablier en cuir) lors de la soudure sous risque de blessure grave.

Ajout des contreventements : placez les contreventements en diagonale dans le cadre. Ces pièces renforcent la structure et préviennent les déformations sous charge.


Vous pouvez contraindre la structure avec des serres joints pour rattraper des angles, une fois les contreventements soudés, la structure sera très rigide.


Pointez d’abord les contreventements à leurs extrémités pour les stabiliser. Lorsque tout est bien positionné, soudez-les définitivement en procédant, là encore, par petites passes pour éviter les déformations (plus une partie chauffe beaucoup et plus elle se déformera en refroidissant).

Étape 4 - Châssis - montants

Positionnez les quatre cornières métalliques verticales aux coins externes du châssis.


Pointez toutes les cornières à leur base puis soudez.


Après la soudure, il est possible que les cornières aient subi de légères déformations en raison de l’échauffement puis refroidissement du métal.


Installez des contreventements en biais pour redresser les cornières.


Ajustez progressivement à l’aide des contreventements jusqu’à obtenir des cornières parfaitement droites.


Soudez définitivement les contreventements une fois l’alignement corrigé.


Pensez à blanchir les cornières avant de souder
L’ajout des contreventements est essentiel pour maintenir l’intégrité de la structure et éviter que les cornières ne bougent ou ne se désalignent après cette étape.


Étape 5 - Châssis - roues

Il est conseillé que le centre de gravité de la remorque soit décalé de l'axe des roues, pour que la remorque penche naturellement vers l'avant.

Attention, plus vous désaxerez les roues du centre de gravité, plus vous aurez un grand effort à supporter au niveau de l'encrage au fauteuil (voire l'étape Attache - ancrage).


Équerres :

  • Réalisez des trous dans les équerres au diamètre de l’axe des roues + 1 mm pour garantir un ajustement facile.
  • Percez les équerres à l'endroit de l'axe voulu des roues.
  • Disquez légèrement les équerres pour y former des rainures permettant d’insérer les axes des roues.
  • Soudez les équerres au châssis (soyez sûr·e que la roue est suffisamment écartée du châssis pour ne pas qu'elle le touche en roulant).
  • Contreventez les équerres


Fixation des roues :

  • Pour fixer les roues aux équerres on réalise le montage suivant : Rondelle > Équerre > Rondelle > Châssis > Écrou (voir schéma ci-contre)
  • Testez le montage en faisant tourner les roues. Elles doivent tourner librement sans jeu latéral excessif.


Étape 6 - Attache - fonctionnement global

L'attache est la partie quasiment centrale de ce projet. En effet, il a fallu trouver un système robuste qui permettait à la fois une grande liberté de mouvement, le tout pouvant s'attacher sur un fauteuil roulant électrique.


L'avantage de cette attache est qu'elle est adaptable à tout type de véhicule dans la mesure où la "technologie" centrale est la rotule (le point crucial) et la fixation sur le châssis. Si vous souhaitez refaire cette attache pour un vélo, il vous suffira alors de changer le bras reliant la rotule à votre vélo.


Notre attache constitue le système de lien entre le fauteuil et la remorque. Elle se compose de 4 parties:

  • La rotule: elle permet d'autoriser les rotations libres entre le châssis et le fauteuil. La rotule ne permet pas un tangage très important, il est important de permettre ce mouvement (sur un autre véhicule comme vélo, c'est une sécurité en cas de chute latérale). Nous avons utilisé une rotule issue de barres stabilisatrices de voiture.
  • La liaison entre la rotule et le châssis: un tube fixé au châssis avec une plaque taraudée au bout, qui permet d'accueillir la tige filetée de la rotule, et permet le tangage.
  • La liaison entre la rotule et le châssis: des tubes coupés en biseau et soudés pour rattraper la différence de hauteur entre le châssis et l'ancrage du véhicule. Cette partie vient s'arrimer sur l'ancrage avec une manivelle. Cette piece s'attache à la rotule avec
  • L'ancrage: l'ancrage est une pièce qui vient se fixer solidement sur le véhicule, et offre une accroche rapide avec la remorque. Cette pièce peut être laissée de manière "permanente" sur le véhicule, elle peut prendre quelques minutes à installer/désinstaller.


Étape 7 - Attache - liaison rotule/châssis

Photo vue du dessus plan chassis



Étape 8 - Attache - rotule


Étape 9 - Attache - liaison rotule/ancrage

+ photo plans du Z

+ plans manuels système butée



#if:Remorque_officielle_473377801_9466988423319925_7863250123434274055_n.jpg

Étape 11 - Sangle de maintient

Pour maintenir la boite callée dans le châssis pendant que la remorque roule, nous avons opter pour un système de sangles entourant le haut de la boite.

Les deux morceaux de sangle sont fixés sur des "ranges sangles": des tubes carrés avec un fer plat soudé au fond de chaque, soudés sur le côté du châssis.


Modèle:Tuto StepImage

Étape 13 - Accessoires spécifiques

La suite concerne des accessoires du châssis qui peuvent ne pas être nécessaires en fonction de l'utilisation de la remorque. Dans notre cas, la remorque devait être à une certaine hauteur pour la personne qui allait l'utiliser : nous avons donc fait un système où la boîte glisse dans les cornières et grâce à des goupilles reste en l'air à la hauteur voulue.


Goupilles

Trous pour goupilles (en haut et pour les ranger)


Vous pouvez réaliser des petites plateformes pour poser les goupilles et vis pendant que la remorque roule (et ne pas les perdre). Nous avons relié ces vis et goupilles au châssis avec des cordelettes pour ne pas les perdre (prévoyez un petit trou supplémentaire sur chaque plateforme pour accrocher les ficelles.

Modèle:Tuto Step

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