« Remorque pour fauteuil roulant électrique » : différence entre les versions

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*Couper la barre stabilisatrice en deux : une seule moitié vous sera utile pour la liaison, récupérez la rotule. Taillez l'axe en pointe avec une ponceuse à bande par exemple.
*Coupez la barre stabilisatrice en deux : une seule moitié vous sera utile pour la liaison, récupérez la rotule. Taillez l'axe en pointe avec une ponceuse à bande par exemple.
*Filetez l'axe coupé.</translate>
*Filetez l'axe coupé.</translate>
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Ligne 339 : Ligne 339 :
{{Tuto Step
{{Tuto Step
|Step_Title=<translate>Pieds</translate>
|Step_Title=<translate>Pieds</translate>
|Step_Content=<translate>Ajouter dessin
|Step_Content=<translate></translate>
 
 
Nous avons décidé de faire un système de stabilisation avec des pieds pour que la remorque puisse tenir à l'horizontale à l'arrêt.
 
 
Le système de pieds ajustables est le suivant : un tube carré de section inférieure qui rentre à l'intérieur d'un tube plus grand. Lorsque la remorque roule, le pied est à l'intérieur du tube et tient grâce à une goupille (position haute du pied). Lorsque la remorque est à l'arrêt, on enlève la goupille, le pied glisse jusqu'à toucher le sol et à l'aide d'une vis, on vient plaquer le petit tube dans le grand : le pied tient et la remorque est stabilisée (voir schéma ci-contre).
 
 
Pour cela :
 
*Sur deux côtés du châssis, soudez les 2 tubes carrés de longueur 25cm sur les cornières
 
*Coupez des tubes carrés dont la largeur extérieure est un peu plus petite que la largeur intérieure des plus gros tubes (15mm de large sur 400mm de long )
{{Warning|La longueur des pieds dépend entièrement de la hauteur de roues : les mesures données ici sont celles adaptées pour les roues que nous avions, à vous d'adapter en fonction de ce que vous avez.}}<br />
 
*Pour chaque pied :
**Trouez entièrement le tube du pied et de son support (pour pouvoir mettre une goupille)
**Trouez une paroi du support seulement (pour pouvoir y insérer une vis qui appuiera sur le pied en position basse) + le tarauder.
{{Idea|Afin de percer les 2 tubes d'un même trou pour un meilleur alignement, nous avons inséré des cales entre les 2 pour contraindre le petit tube dans le grand. Ils se retrouvent alors plaqués sur un côté et il est alors plus facile de percer droit.}}<br />
 
*Rajoutez des bouts de bois en dessous du pied pour que le contact avec le sol soit plus stable
 
*Réalisez des goupilles adaptées au trou que vous avez fait (ou l'inverse en fonction de ce que vous avez). Nous avons fait les goupilles nous-mêmes à part d'une tige filetée en la tordant petit à petit sur un étau : le résultat est très satisfaisant et nous avons pu adapter la courbure au tube carré que nous avions (Pensez à poncer la partie de la goupille qui s'insère dans le trou pour qu'elle glisse bien).</translate>
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Ligne 372 : Ligne 349 :
{{Tuto Step
{{Tuto Step
|Step_Title=<translate>Accessoires spécifiques</translate>
|Step_Title=<translate>Accessoires spécifiques</translate>
|Step_Content=<translate>La suite concerne des accessoires du châssis qui peuvent ne pas être nécessaires en fonction de l'utilisation de la remorque. Dans notre cas, la remorque devait être à une certaine hauteur pour la personne qui allait l'utiliser : nous avons donc fait un système où la boîte glisse dans les cornières et grâce à des goupilles reste en l'air à la hauteur voulue.
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Goupilles
 
Trous pour goupilles (en haut et pour les ranger)
 
 
Vous pouvez réaliser des petites plateformes pour poser les goupilles et vis pendant que la remorque roule (et ne pas les perdre). Nous avons relié ces vis et goupilles au châssis avec des cordelettes pour ne pas les perdre (prévoyez un petit trou supplémentaire sur chaque plateforme pour accrocher les ficelles.</translate>
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Ligne 386 : Ligne 355 :
{{Tuto Step
{{Tuto Step
|Step_Title=<translate>Coque en bois</translate>
|Step_Title=<translate>Coque en bois</translate>
|Step_Content=<translate>Pour rappel, cette remorque a pour but d'accompagner une artiste sur scène et ses demandes étaient donc très spécifiques : les dimensions de la boîte, les compartiments, la hauteur des rangements,... sont adaptés à la personne pour laquelle nous avons fait cette remorque.
|Step_Content=<translate></translate>
 
 
Nous ne détaillerons pas les étapes pour fabriquer cette boîte car elle est spécifique à un usage. On laisse chacun·e libre de faire la boîte avec les dimensions qu'iel souhaite.
 
 
Vous trouverez tout de même les plans CAO et 2D avec les fichiers en début de tutoriel.
 
 
Et voici un petit aperçu de la boîte telle que nous l'avons réalisé.</translate>
|Step_Picture_00=Remorque_officielle_Bo_te_decoree_2.jpg
|Step_Picture_00=Remorque_officielle_Bo_te_decoree_2.jpg
}}
}}
{{Tuto Step
{{Tuto Step
|Step_Title=<translate>Position finale</translate>
|Step_Title=<translate>Position finale</translate>
|Step_Content=<translate>Voici à quoi ressemble la remorque en position haute avec ses accessoires.
|Step_Content=<translate></translate>
 
En bonus une photo de la remorque accompagnée de ses co-concepteur.rices.</translate>
|Step_Picture_00=Remorque_officielle_474116931_1206691521071343_8445782940410236426_n.jpg
|Step_Picture_00=Remorque_officielle_474116931_1206691521071343_8445782940410236426_n.jpg
|Step_Picture_01=Remorque_officielle_474148407_1861196547961047_1773881156055619009_n.jpg
|Step_Picture_01=Remorque_officielle_474148407_1861196547961047_1773881156055619009_n.jpg
Ligne 408 : Ligne 366 :
}}
}}
{{Notes
{{Notes
|Notes=<translate>Cette remorque a été co-conçue et co-réalisée par Camille Bellemin, Nour Benarous, Amélie Berdou, Martin Ernst et François Michot.
|Notes=<translate></translate>
 
'''<span class="OYPEnA font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none white-space-prewrap"></span>'''</translate>
}}
}}
{{PageLang
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Version du 1 février 2025 à 15:40

Prototype de avatarAmélie | Catégories : Matériaux

avatarAmélie

https://lowtechlab.dokit.app/wiki/Remorque_pour_fauteuil_roulant_%C3%A9lectrique
Dernière modification le 01/02/2025


Difficulté
Moyen
Durée
5 jour(s)
Coût
200 EUR (€)

Description

Ce tutoriel décrit la fabrication d’une remorque low-tech conçue pour être rattachée à un fauteuil roulant électrique. Pensée pour être fonctionnelle, légère et accessible, cette remorque permet de transporter facilement des objets. lien tchit: https://wiki.lowtechlab.org/w/index.php?title=Remorque_officielle&action=formedit

Ce tutoriel décrit la fabrication d’une remorque low-tech conçue pour être rattachée à un fauteuil roulant électrique. Pensée pour être fonctionnelle, légère et accessible, cette remorque permet de transporter facilement des objets. lien tchit: https://wiki.lowtechlab.org/w/index.php?title=Remorque_officielle&action=formedit

Difficulté
Moyen
Durée
5 jour(s)
Coût
200 EUR (€)

Sommaire

Licence : Attribution (CC BY)

Introduction

Ce tutoriel a été réalisé dans le cadre d’un projet étudiant au cours du semestre PISTE (Pour une Ingénierie Sobre Techno et Eco-responsable) porté par l’Ense3 à Grenoble. Le projet se nomme “Handi’capable” et avait pour objectif de construire une remorque low-tech pour une artiste pouvant s’accrocher à son fauteuil roulant électrique lors de ses spectacles.

Matériaux

Pour le châssis :

  • Tubes carrés en acier de 20 mm de largeur et 1,5 mm d'épaisseur :
    • 2 de 610 mm de longueur (côtés A)
    • 3 de 370 mm de longueur (côtés B + tube traversant)
    • 1 de XX mm de longueur (attache)
    • 2 de XX mm de longueur (support pieds)
  • 2 tubes carrés en acier de XX mm de longueur, XX mm de largeur et XX mm d'épaisseur (pieds)
  • 4 cornières en acier de XX mm de longueur et 20 mm de largeur et 3 mm d'épaisseur
  • Fers plats en acier de 20 mm de largeur et 4 mm d'épaisseur :
    • 8 de 200 mm de longueur (contreventements)
    • 4 de 100 mm de longueur (coins)
  • 2 équerres : 60/60mm épaisseur 2mm
  • 2 roues de 34 cm de diamètre
  • Vis, écrous, boulons


Pour l'attache (entre le châssis et le fauteuil roulant électrique) :

  • Tubes carrés de 20 mm de largeur et 1,5 mm d'épaisseur :
    • 1 de XX mm de longueur
    • 1 de XX mm de longueur
    • 1 de XX mm de longueur
  • 1 rotule d'assistance directionnelle de voiture (possibilité de récupérer en garage
  • 1 manivelle de vélo (pièce qui relie la pédale et le pédalier)
  • Écrous, boulons


Accessoires pour le châssis :

  • Goupilles
  • Ficelles
  • Fers plats

Outils

Nous avons réalisé ce projet dans le fablab de notre école : nous avions donc de nombreux outils à notre disposition. Cependant, certaines étapes peuvent être réalisées avec d'autres outils, cette liste n'est qu'indicative.


  • Perceuse/visseuse
  • Scie circulaire fixe à métal inclinable (ou scie à ruban)
  • Meuleuse/disqueuse
  • Ponceuse à bande fixe
  • Scie circulaire portative
  • Poste à souder à la baguette
  • Perceuse à colonne
  • Scie à chantourner
  • Scie à ruban
  • Poste à soudure (étain)
  • Serres joints
  • Équipements de Protection Individuelle (EPI) : blouse, gants, casque, lunettes, masque, tablier en cuir et masque de soudure (pour certaines étapes)

Étape 1 - Réfléchir au projet

Avant de se lancer dans la construction de la remorque low-tech, il est important de réfléchir aux usages prévus, aux contraintes techniques et aux matériaux disponibles. Dans ce projet, la remorque doit être légère, stable et facilement attachable à un fauteuil roulant électrique, tout en étant robuste pour transporter le matériel nécessaire aux spectacles.

Étape 2 - Châssis

Le châssis constitue la base de la remorque et joue un rôle crucial dans la stabilité et la solidité de l’ensemble. Pour notre projet, nous avons choisi un châssis en acier, lourd mais robuste, associé à une coque en bois. Il est constitué d'une base rectangle, montée de cornières pour caler la boîte. Les plans détaillés et les CAO sont disponibles dans les fichiers joints à ce tuto.


Étape 3 - Châssis - base

Pour réaliser la base rectangulaire du châssis:


A l'aide d'une scie circulaire fixe à métal (ou scie à ruban), découper les 4 tubes carrés, et les 4 morceaux de fer plats coupés en biseau.

Il est nécessaire de blanchir les zones à souder pour garantir une soudure de qualité. Pour cela, utilisez une meuleuse avec un disque abrasif ou une ponceuse bande abrasive (ou un papier de verre à la main pour les zones difficiles d’accès) pour décaper les zones où les soudures seront réalisées. Blanchissez environ 2 cm autour des bords à chaque joint de soudure pour garantir une surface propre.


Disposez les tubes pour former un rectangle. Serrez le tout avec des serres joints. Vérifiez que les angles sont parfaitement droits à l’aide d’une équerre. Réalisez un pointage.


Le pointage permet d’éviter les déformations des pièces dues à un changement de température trop rapide. Si la structure est pointée, elle ne se déformera quasiment pas lors du soudage.
Procédez à la soudure définitive des quatre coins une fois que tout est correctement positionné et pointé.
Soudez en plusieurs passes courtes pour éviter les déformations dues à un excès de chaleur.

Il est impératif de bien porter les EPI (masque à soudure, gants isolants et tablier en cuir) lors de la soudure sous risque de blessure grave.

Ajout des contreventements : placez les contreventements en diagonale dans le cadre. Ces pièces renforcent la structure et préviennent les déformations sous charge.


Vous pouvez contraindre la structure avec des serres joints pour rattraper des angles, une fois les contreventements soudés, la structure sera très rigide.


Pointez d’abord les contreventements à leurs extrémités pour les stabiliser. Lorsque tout est bien positionné, soudez-les définitivement en procédant, là encore, par petites passes pour éviter les déformations (plus une partie chauffe beaucoup et plus elle se déformera en refroidissant).

Aux 4 coins des tubes, coupez légèrement les coins du châssis en prévention des cornières (voir photo ci-contre).

Étape 4 - Châssis - montants

Pour réaliser des montants, nous avons utilisé des cornières dans l'optique que la boîte puisse glisser à l'intérieur. Libre à vous de choisir des montants qui correspondent à votre besoin.


Positionnez les quatre cornières métalliques verticales aux coins externes du châssis.


Pointez toutes les cornières à leur base puis soudez.


Après la soudure, il est possible que les cornières aient subi de légères déformations en raison de l’échauffement puis refroidissement du métal.


Installez des contreventements en biais pour redresser les cornières.


Ajustez progressivement à l’aide des contreventements jusqu’à obtenir des cornières parfaitement droites.


Soudez définitivement les contreventements une fois l’alignement corrigé.


L’ajout des contreventements est essentiel pour maintenir l’intégrité de la structure et éviter que les cornières ne bougent ou ne se désalignent après cette étape.


Étape 5 - Châssis - roues

Il est conseillé que le centre de gravité de la remorque soit décalé de l'axe des roues, pour que la remorque penche naturellement vers l'avant.

Attention, plus vous désaxerez les roues du centre de gravité, plus vous aurez un grand effort à supporter au niveau de l'ancrage au fauteuil (voir l'étape Attache - ancrage).


Équerres :

  • Réalisez des trous dans les équerres au diamètre de l’axe des roues + 1 mm pour garantir un ajustement facile.
  • Percez les équerres à l'endroit de l'axe voulu des roues.
  • Disquez légèrement les équerres pour y former des rainures permettant d’insérer les axes des roues.
  • Soudez les équerres au châssis (soyez sûr·e que la roue est suffisamment écartée du châssis pour ne pas qu'elle le touche en roulant).
  • Contreventez les équerres


Fixation des roues :

  • Pour fixer les roues aux équerres on réalise le montage suivant : Rondelle > Équerre > Rondelle > Châssis > Écrou (voir schéma ci-contre)
  • Testez le montage en faisant tourner les roues. Elles doivent tourner librement sans jeu latéral excessif.

Étape 6 - Attache - fonctionnement global

L'attache est la partie quasiment centrale de ce projet. En effet, il a fallu trouver un système robuste qui permettait à la fois une grande liberté de mouvement, le tout pouvant s'attacher sur un fauteuil roulant électrique.


L'avantage de cette attache est qu'elle est adaptable à tout type de véhicule dans la mesure où la "technologie" centrale est la rotule (le point crucial) et la fixation sur le châssis. Si vous souhaitez refaire cette attache pour un vélo, il vous suffira alors de changer le bras reliant la rotule à votre vélo.


Notre attache constitue le système de lien entre le fauteuil et la remorque. Elle se compose de 4 parties:

  • La rotule : elle permet d'autoriser les rotations libres entre le châssis et le fauteuil. La rotule ne permettant pas un tangage très important, il est important de permettre ce mouvement (sur un autre véhicule comme vélo, c'est une sécurité en cas de chute latérale). Nous avons utilisé une rotule issue de barres stabilisatrices de voiture.
  • La liaison entre la rotule et le châssis : un tube fixé au châssis avec une plaque taraudée au bout, qui permet d'accueillir la tige filetée de la rotule, et permet le tangage.
  • La liaison entre la rotule et l'ancrage : des tubes coupés en biseau et soudés pour rattraper la différence de hauteur entre le châssis et l'ancrage du véhicule. Cette partie vient s'arrimer sur l'ancrage avec une manivelle. Cette pièce s'attache à la rotule grâce la vis originelle de la rotule : le tube du Z est plaqué entre un écrou et la rotule.
  • L'ancrage : l'ancrage est une pièce qui vient se fixer solidement sur le véhicule, et offre une accroche rapide avec la remorque. Cette pièce peut être laissée de manière "permanente" sur le véhicule, elle peut prendre quelques minutes à installer/désinstaller.


Étape 7 - Attache - liaison rotule/châssis

Coupez un tube carré de largeur 20mm, d’épaisseur 1,5 mm et de longueur 315 mm (à adapter en fonction de la liaison que vous voulez faire : il faut simplement que le tube dépasse un peu à l’avant du châssis)

*Découpez une petite plaquette d’acier de la dimension de la section du tube (épaisseur >4mm).

*Réalisez un taraudage adapté au filetage de l'axe de la rotule : percez la plaquette au centre à 7mm et taraudez-la avec un diamètre équivalent au filetage de l'axe de la rotule (M8).


Pensez à faire plusieurs passages lorsque vous percez des gros trous pour ne pas user trop vite vos forets: par exemple pour un trou de 8mm, percez d'abord à 3mm, puis à 6mm, puis à 8mm.


  • Soudez cette plaquette sur la section du tube.
  • Venez ensuite souder le tube en dessous du châssis comme indiqué sur les plans.



Étape 8 - Attache - rotule

Pour réaliser notre rotule, pièce centrale de notre remorque, nous avons récupéré des barres stabilisatrices de voiture, issues du système de suspension. Les garages automobiles jettent régulièrement ce genre de pièces lors des contrôles techniques, qui sont toujours largement fonctionnelles pour l'utiliser sur une remorque. Le premier garage que nous avons croisé nous en a donné deux paires.


La rotule offre une rotation latérale de 360°, une rotation verticale d'environ 30° , et un tangage d'environ 20°. Afin de prévoir au cas où un tangage excessif (en cas de chute latérale), on va ajouter une liaison tangage, en venant visser partiellement l'axe de la rotule dans un taraudage.


Ce système nous a été présenté par Bernard Mathieu De Vienne (Association Cycles Saveuil) que nous remercions chaleureusement pour son aide.

Pour le réaliser:

  • Coupez la barre stabilisatrice en deux : une seule moitié vous sera utile pour la liaison, récupérez la rotule. Taillez l'axe en pointe avec une ponceuse à bande par exemple.
  • Filetez l'axe coupé.


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